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Benefits and Side Effects of DPT Immunization

DPT stands for diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus. DPT immunization is one of the vaccinations that must be given to toddlers. Diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus are three different diseases, each of which has a high risk and can even cause death. These three diseases are serious diseases that are caused by bacteria. Therefore, DPT immunization should not be missed.

Disease that can be prevented

Before giving this immunization to your child, you should first find out information about giving immunizations and their side effects. Diphtheria is a bacterial infectious disease that attacks the mucous membranes of the nose and throat. This disease forms a thick layer of gray in the throat, which can make it difficult for children to eat and breathe. If the infection is left and not treated, the toxins produced by bacteria can cause nerve, kidney, and heart damage. Diphtheria is an epidemic in 2017. According to data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, during 2017 there were 954 diphtheria cases reported from all provinces, with a death rate of 44 cases throughout Indonesia. While pertussis, better known as whooping cough, is a bacterial infectious disease that attacks the respiratory system and causes severe coughing. If a child under one year is affected by this disease, it is possible to experience pneumonia, brain damage, seizures, and even death. While tetanus, is a disease that can cause severe muscle stiffness, paralysis, and muscle spasms. This disease is also caused by bacteria. In contrast to diphtheria and pertussis which is contagious, tetanus is not transmitted from person to person, but from dirty wounds and exposed to the ground.

DPT Immunization Awarding

DPT immunization in children is given five times, from children aged 2 months to 6 years. The first three gifts are at 2 months, 3 months and 4 months. The 4th gift is at the age of 18 months, and the last gift at the age of 5 years. The dose given is one injection per immunization schedule. Afterwards, it is recommended to do a Tdap booster (immunization against Tetanus Diphtheria and Pertussis) every 10 years. Pay attention to the child's condition before giving immunizations. If your child experiences severe illness when the immunization schedule arrives, then you should wait until the child's condition improves before immunization. Do not give further immunizations if your child experiences:
  • Disorders of the nervous system or brain, within 7 days after getting immunization injections.
  • Severe allergic reactions that can be life threatening, after the child is immunized.
Immediately consult a doctor if after immunization, your child experiences:
  • Fever above 40 degrees Celsius.
  • The child does not stop crying for at least 3 hours.
  • The child has a seizure or fainted.

DPT Side Effects

Side effects of DPT immunization that can occur include:
  • Mild fever
  • Swelling at the injection site
  • The skin at the injection becomes red and sore
  • The child looks tired
  • Children become fussy
These side effects will usually occur within one to three days after administration of the vaccine. You can give paracetamol to relieve your child's fever and pain. Avoid drugs that contain aspirin, because it can cause health problems that can threaten the lives of children, namely liver and brain damage. Although very rare, DPT vaccination can cause interference with the brain. By providing complete immunization to children, you have provided protection to children against several dangerous diseases. Keep in mind your child's immunization schedule and consult a doctor if your child shows alarming symptoms after immunization.

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